Day 2 :
Keynote Forum
Nadia Benkirane
INSERM, France
Keynote: Smart and Living Implant Equipped with Active therapeutics and Stem cells for Regenerative Nanomedicine
Time : 09:30-10:10
Biography:
Nadia Benkirane is Research director and head of the “Osteoarticular and Dental regenerative Nanomedicine” laboratory, at INSERM (French National Institute for Health and Medical Research), France. She was leader of “Active Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering” team INSERM 977. She received her Ph.D. from University Louis Pasteur, ULP, France for the work on Development of pseudo peptides as synthetic vaccines. Jessel possesses expertise in diverse fields of molecular and cellular biology, immunochemistry, tissue engineering and biomedical engineering. Benkirane-Jessel have 138 publications (h index: 36) with peer-reviewed publications in high impact factor journals, 5 chapters reviews and 5 international patents, she is a regular referee for a number of scientific journals (Nature nanotechnology, Nature Materials, ACS nano, Biomaterials, Nano letters).
Abstract:
Recently, we have reported an active nanostructured collagen implant reinforced with human stem cells for bone regeneration. In our group, we have reported a "Smart Hybrid Materials Equipped with Nanoreservoirs of Therapeutics and stem cells". This unique nanotechnology strategy is used to entrap, protect, and stabilize therapeutic agents into polymer coatings acting as nanoreservoirs enrobing nanofibers of implantable membranes. Upon contact with cells, therapeutic agents become available through enzymatic degradation of the nanoreservoirs. As cells grow, divide, and infiltrate deeper into the porous membrane, they trigger slow and progressive release of therapeutic agents that, in turn, stimulate further cell proliferation. This constitutes the first instance of a smart living nanostructured hybrid membrane for regenerative medicine. The cell contact-dependent bioerodible nanoreservoirs described here will permit sustained release of drugs, genes, growth factors, etc., opening a general route to the design of sophisticated cell-therapy implants capable of robust and durable regeneration of a broad variety of tissues.
Keynote Forum
Magdalena Plebanski
Monash University, Australia
Keynote: Designing nanoparticle based immunodulators and vaccines: the intriguing link between inflammation and immune-suppression
Biography:
Magdalena Plebanski leads the Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Unit at the Department of Immunology, Monash University, Australia. She is a NHMRC Senior Research Fellow and the inaugural co-Head of the Immunotherapeutics Division at the newly established Monash Institute of Medical Engineering (MIME). Her qualifications include: BScHon (UNAM, Mexico); MBA (Deakin University, Australia); PhD (Bristol University, UK). She published >125 peer-reviewed papers (plus numerous conference abstracts), with >5000 citations, including high-profile: Lancet, Nature Biotechnology, Science, Nature, Immunity, Nature Medicine, Plos Pathogens, Nature Communications, Clin Cancer Res. Her 5 families of PCT patents have progressed to commercialisation nationally and internationally. Her research interests include vaccines, adjuvants, cancer, malaria, asthma, regulatory T cells (Treg), inflammation, lung and antigen presenting cells (APC).\r\n\r\n
Abstract:
The immune system is continuously challenged by micro and nanoparticles in environmental pollutants and microroganisms. Our studies over the last decade have identified some of the basic physicochemical principles by which diverse key antigen presenting cells (APC) of the immune system, dendritic cells (DC), macrophages and myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSC), recognize differentially a range of particles, and subsequently promote different types of immune responses. This understanding has led to the development of new types of nanovaccines, capable of inducing high levels of CD8 T cells and antibodies, with protection shown against cancers, as well as viral, bacterial and parasitic diseases; as well as alternate nanovaccine types, that preferentially induce high levels of CD4 T cells or antibodies, but not CD8 T cells. The long lasting nature of the immune responses induced by such vaccines was recently found to be due to their ‘inert/stealth’ nature, which by avoiding the induction of conventional inflammatory responses, also fail to induce the suppressive immune controls which normally would limit a beneficial immunity. Specific types of nanoparticles (as defined by size, material, shape and surface charge) were also found to offer a novel imprint on lung immune cells, rendering lungs resistant to viral challenge, whilst also being substantially less prone to damaging immune reactions, such as those elicted by allergens. Nanoparticles promoting such healthy ‘homeostatic’ lungs further offer a new concept to fight the increased prevalence of asthma and COPD in urbanized regions of the world.
- Nanomedicine and Cancer | Nanomedicine and Nanotoxicology | Nanomedicine and Healthcare Applications | Nanomedicine and Bioengineering
Location: Pailin 2
Chair
Zhi Ping Xu
University of Queensland, Australia
Session Introduction
Zhi Ping Xu
University of Queensland, Australia
Title: Cancer Treatment using Inorganic Nanoparticles
Time : 11:50-12:20
Biography:
Zhi Ping Xu obtained his BS degree from the University of Science and Technology of China in 1988, and received his PhD degree from National University of Singapore in 2001. After his postdoctoral fellowship at University of North Texas, he has joined the Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, the University of Queensland since 2004. He has published over 190 journal papers, and his current research focuses on developing clay and clay-hybrid nanomaterials for drug/gene/vaccine delivery to treat cancers.
Abstract:
In this talk, I will briefly introduce the research work done in our group for the cancer treatment using inorganic nanoparticles as the drug/gene carriers. Our research targets both the short term and the long term therapies. For the short term therapy, we aim to 1) target deliver drug/gene for efficient treatment; 2) use one nanoparticle to deliver two or more therapeutics and synergize the efficiency. For the long term therapy, we aim to enhance the host immune system to battle against the cancers by developing nanoparticles to deliver the immune components (vaccines, cytokines etc) or activate the immune cells (e.g. T-cells). I will present our research in vaccine nanoadjuvants and enhancemnt of T cell immunity by specifically delivering RNAi molecules.
Hun-Kuk Park
Kyung Hee University, Korea
Title: Toxic Evaluation of Graphene Quantum Dots with Hemorheological Measurements
Biography:
Hun-Kuk Park was born on September 18, 1957, in Korea. He received the B.M. and M.D. degrees in School of Medicine from the Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea, in 1982. He received the Ph.D. Degree in Biomedical Engineering from Rutgers University and University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, USA, in 1993. He worked as a professor in the department of neurosurgery from 1994 to 2003 as well as in the department of physiology from 1997 to 2003 at the Wayne State University, Michigan, USA. He joined the faculty of School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Korea, in 2003. He published more than 210 papers in the high impact international journals. He has served as a senior vice president of the Korean society of medical biological and engineering, an editorial board editor of the Korean society for precision engineering, and several committee members.
Abstract:
Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) are becoming a novel material for opto-electronics, energy, environmental, and biomedical applications due to its properties such as stable photoluminescence, chemical stability and pronounced quantum confinement effect, and low toxicity. We investigated the toxic effect of GQDs on rheological characteristics of human red blood cells (RBCs), including hemolysis, deformability, aggregation, and morphological changes. Red blood cells were exposed to GQDs at a range of concentrations (25, 100, 250, 500 µg/ml) and incubation times (0, 1, 2, 3, or 4 h). Rheological characteristics were measured using microfluidic-laser diffractometry and aggregometry. Overall, at a concentration greater than 250 μg/ml, the hemolysis rate of RBCs was shown to be more than 10%. Elongation index (EI) values were insignificant in the RBCs exposed to GQDs at a concentration of less than 250 μg/ml. Aggregation index (AI) values decreased at a concentration of 250 μg/ml of GQDs. Therefore, the above results suggest that the safe concentration of GQDs for toxicity, in this study, might be considered less than 250 μg/ml for in vitro or in vivo biological applications.
Biography:
Zahra Fakhroueian has completed his PhD at the age of 49 years from Alzahra University and postdoctoral studies from Tehran University, School Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering Nanotechnology Department. She has published more than 35 papers in reputed journals. She is expert in nanobiotechnology and synthesis and formulation of several nanocarrier drugs for cancer, antibacterial and antifungi.
Abstract:
Formulation of significant nanocomposite derived from fine porous ZnO Q-dots could be generated strong potential medical applications in cancer theraphy. In the present research, a typical zinc oxide quantum dots nanoparticles (QD NPs) was synthesized by sol-gel hydrothermal process, fast cold quenching and surface functionalization methods in order to obtain fine (1–3 nm) ZnO quantum dot nanoparticles due to obtaining special and energetic hydrophilic nanosurface including electron-hole pairs, network and crystal defects, key role of ROS and the presence of oxygen vacancies on its surface in trapping states of ZnO NPs semiconductor. ZnO/ PVP nanopolymer, Non 9- EO as wetting and diffusion agent, PEG bonding material, and typical nonionic surfactant as water/oil type emulsifier and stabilizer were used in this nanoformulation. The synergism effect clearly was observed between the synthezied fine ZnO QDs NPs conjugated with nanopolymer and effective factors through water-based nanofluid. The nanoproduct was characterized by TEM, SEM, FTIR, DLS, PL, positive zeta potential, wide bandgap energy (5.32 eV), and UV-Vis blue shift spectroscopy. The cytotoxic effects on growth of the four cancer cell lines were evaluated by MTT assay. The IC50 (ng/ml) value of KB44 cells (6.50), MCF-7 cells (7.00), HT29 cells (12.50), and Hela cells (15.00) were detected after 72 h of treatment with ZnO Q-dots nanoformulation. The results obtained on four cancer cells suggested that it can inhibit the growth and proliferation of these current cancer cells, while leaving normal and standard such as MDBK (15.42 ng/ml) and HFF2 (28.88 ng/ml) cells unaffected. Strong diffusion ability of fine ZnO (QD NPs) with small size and large surface area, electrostatic forces interaction due to formation of high wider band gap energy, hydrogen bonding bridges towards tumor cell membranes are certainly very significant in mechanisem and also suitable for biological applications. It was also considerd successful skin sensitization tests on mice by MEST ( Mouse Ear Swelling Test) measurment during 12 days.
Kimberly Harding
Monarch Innovation Partners, USA
Title: Project Orchid – An Open Science-Open Source technology framework for sustainable global health innovation partnerships associated with infectious and chronic disease initiatives
Time : 14:00-14:35
Biography:
Kimberly Harding is the founder and president of Monarch Innovation Partners, a technology-based innovation and consulting firm for healthcare and life science organizations worldwide. Ms. Harding has over 26 years of experience in IT product development and thought leadership for U.S. based healthcare agencies, pharma, healthcare payer and providers organizations, and international-based research and development partnerships in Africa, Asia, Europe and the Middle East. Ms. Harding led the first U.S. payer to publicly demonstrate clinical data exchange standards between providers and payers. She has recently published her original research for Project Orchid in the Open Access Journal for Nanobiomedicine.
Abstract:
There is a need for an Open Science-Open Source technology framework to bridge chronic business process and technology disparities between High, Middle, and Low Income Country research collaborators for sustainable partnerships in global health innovation for infectious and chronic diseases. We will illustrate the use of an Open Science-Open Source framework and technology platform called Project Orchid; a conceptual 3D health intelligence exchange and virtual innovation model designed to support multi-national collaboration efforts in the Global Health sector. Our hypothesis is that our proposed framework will enable clinical research and care delivery partnerships to improve their research approaches for drug discovery efforts and new care model design. The following scenarios will be highlighted: a) A scalable Open Science solution specifically designed to address the data sharing challenges that multinational clinical research organizations experience for Multi-Resistant Strain and Extensively Resistant Strain TB research cohorts across High, Middle and Low Income countries. Our current research proposal with 10 countries spanning the U.S., India, 7 central and sub-Saharan African countries and Germany will be discussed. B) A Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) e-Health Innovation model designed to connect primary care physicians, nephrologists and public health scientists, that address disparities in chronic kidney disease management for high risk patient population groups. This includes providing a socio-economic and genomic assessment toolkit, a virtual 3D collaboration environment for CKD biomarker research and a mHealth patient engagement for biosurveillance efforts and care management coaching. Our current research proposal with the UCLA School of Medicine will be discussed.
Ying-Jan Wang
National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan
Title: Investigation of the uptake and cytotoxic mechanisms of amine-modified silver nanoparticles
Biography:
Ying-Jan Wang has completed his PhD from National Taiwan University and Post-doctoral studies from National Taiwan University, College of Medicine. He is the Director of Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University. He has published more than 120 papers in reputed journals and has been serving as an Editorial Board Member of PloS ONE.
Abstract:
Nanoparticle-induced toxicological mechanisms have become one of the most studied topics in toxicology during the last few years. Because of their excellent antimicrobial activity, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are recognized as a promising nanomaterial with widespread applicability. However, the impact of AgNPs on biological systems, regarding their possible effects and fate in living cells are still limited. In this study, we found that AgNPs can be taken into cells through endocytosis. The internalized AgNPs eventually accumulate in lysosomes or autophagosomes. Smaller size of AgNPs (SAS) was more toxic than larger size (LAS). Our results implied that SAS led to more lysosomal dilatation, arrested autophagy and cell death. The mechanisms of AgNPs-induced autophagy could be mediated by activation of oxidative stress and ER stress signaling pathways in NIH 3T3 cells. AgNPs treatment can trigger the expression of the ER stress and autophagy markers (IRE1 & LC3-II). However, the autophagy substrate p62 was accumulated in AgNPs-treated cells, which indicates that the function of autophagy may be damaged. Our results clarify the mechanism by which AgNPs induce autophagosome accumulation and reveal the effect of AgNPs on lysosomes. This work illustrates the influence of AgNPs on biological systems and may provide insights to guide the development of protective measures for biomedical applications of AgNPs.
Babitha Sekar
CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute, India
Title: Effect of BMP-2 peptide conjugated TiO2 nanoparticle on osteogenic expression through biomimetic Zein PDA nanofibrous scaffold
Biography:
Babitha Sekar has completed her masters in Bio-informatics from Madras University. She has been awarded INSPIRE fellowship from Department of Science and Technology, Government of India to pursue her doctoral programme. Her interest is on designing biomaterials for various biomedical and environmental applications which has fetched her two publications in reputed journals. She is presently working on developing nanoparticle incorporated nanofibrous scaffolds for tissue regeneration.
Abstract:
A biomimetic Zein polydopamine (PDA) based nanofiber scaffold was fabricated to deliver BMP-2 peptide conjugated TiO2 nanoparticles in a sustained manner for investigating its osteogenic differentiation potential. To prolong the retention time of biomolecules at the target site, BMP-2 peptide has been conjugated to TiO2 nanoparticles using a hetero bifunctional cross linker owing to its high surface to volume ratio. The conjugation efficiency was confirmed by various characterization techniques such as XPS, FT-IR and Raman spectroscopic analysis. The effect of biochemical cues from BMP-2 peptide and nano topographical stimulation of electrospun Zein PDA nanofibers were examined for its enhanced osteogenic expression of human fetal osteoblast (hFOB) cells. The highly interconnected nanofibrous matrix with its unique material composition attributes for the sustained delivery of bioactive signals, improved cell adhesion, mineralization and differentiation. Further, Alkaline phosphatase activity, mineralization and the expression of osteogenic markers revealed that the fabricated nanofibrous scaffold possess better cell - biomaterial interactions compared to the control. These promising results demonstrate the potential of the composite nanofibrous scaffold as an effective biomaterial substrate for bone regeneration.
Melusine Lariviere
Bordeaux University, France
Title: Targeted nanoparticles for multimodal molecular imaging in a mouse model of atherosclerosis
Biography:
Melusine Lariviere started her PhD in 2014 at the Bordeaux University, in collaboration with the Monash University (Australia), where she spent a year in the frame of the project. The topic she is investigating is the “targeting of atheroma plaque with human antibody fragments for molecular imaging in a mouse model of the pathology”. She also received in 2014 the title of Doctor of Pharmacy (PharmD) from the Bordeaux University and a Master (MSc) in Biotechnologies from the Limoges University in 2013. Her current research interests include antibodies production and their engineering as targeting probe for translational in vivo imaging.
Abstract:
Cardiovascular diseases are the first cause of sudden deaths worldwide. The majority of them are due to a condition called atherosclerosis, an inflammatory disease of large and medium arteries, resulting in the build-up of atheroma plaques from circulating cholesterol. These plaques evolve under the combined influence of soluble (cytokines) and cellular (macrophages, platelets, etc.) factors. It is their rupture into the blood flow that causes the potentially lethal ischaemic accidents. The diagnosis of rupture-prone atheroma requires high resolution molecular imaging. Human antibodies (HuAbs) specific for the atheroma lesions have previously been selected by phage display biotechnology. TEG4 HuAb is a promising candidate due to its targeting of activated platelets (integrin αIIbβ3), highly represented within the plaque. Single chain Fragment variable (scFv) fragments were processed from the selected phage-HuAbs and produced in Pichia pastoris. They were then used to functionalize original nanoparticles (NP), designed for multi-modal imaging, in a regio-selective way to preserve their activity. This was proven by immunohistochemistry (IHC) studies on murine, rabbit and human lesional tissue rich in platelets. Moreover, when multiple copies of scFv fragments were grafted to NPs, kinetics of binding as assessed by Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) analyses on integrin αIIbβ3, showed a gradual increase in avidity. The same was true regarding the intensity of atheroma plaque recognition in IHC. Encouragingly, when injected into animal models of the pathology (ApoE-/- mice), the multi-targeted objects bound to the lesions in vivo, allowing for near infra-red fluorescence (NIRF) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the atheroma plaque.
Aishwarya Satish
CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute,India
Title: Thyroid hormone incorporated polycaprolactone nanofibrous material as a potential wound healing therapeutic
Biography:
Aishwarya Satish is a Senior Research Fellow pursuing her PhD in Department of Biomaterials, CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute, a central government research institute in Tamil Nadu, India, with an expertise in preparation of biomaterials for wound healing and a . Currently she is working on designing scaffolds for nerve tissue regeneration.
Abstract:
Functional restoration of tissue after a major wound insult is an essential requisite, with rising incidents of non-healing chronic wounds. The delivery of endogenous molecules through nanomaterials to secure a speedy and thorough healing of such wounds has gained impetus in the past decade. Triiodothyronine (T3) is a hormone that exerts its activity at various target organs and has been reported to play a critical role in repair and regeneration of tissues after injury. The encapsulation of T3 in nanofibers has been explored to enable its sustained release. The physico-chemical characterization confirmed the encapsulation and uniform distribution of the hormone in the nanofiber. The nanocomposite enhances migration and proliferation of skin cells revealing the significant positive influence of the T3-entrapped nanofibers on the proliferation and migration of skin cells. Further, the in-vivo application of the composite nanofibers on full thickness excisional wounds in rat model confirmed the potential of the hormone in accelerating wound closure rate. The histological studies also corroborate the positive influence of T3-entrapped nanofibers on skin tissue regeneration. Thus this work reveals the effect of prolonged sustained delivery of T3 from nanofibers which might promote the healing of chronic cutaneous wounds.
Janani Indrakumar
CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute,India
Title: Molybdenum nanoplates incorporated polycaprolactone nanofibers: A potential threat to skin cancer
Biography:
Janani Indrakumar has completed her masters in Genetic Engineering from SRM University, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India . She is pursuing her Ph.D funded by CSIR-XII five year plan project – Advanced Drug Delivery. She specializes on fabricating biomaterials for applications which includes chronic wound healing and cancer therapeutics.
Abstract:
Molybdenum, an essential trace element acts as a cofactor for various enzymes and is required for proper cellular metabolism. Here, we have developed a PCL based nanofibrous scaffold containing molybdenum trioxide nanoparticles for targeted killing of skin cancer cells. Physico-chemical characterisation of the synthesized nanoparticles and the fabricated nanofibrous scaffolds revealed the formation of orthorhombic molybdenum trioxide nanoplates and its proper encapsulation in the PCL nanofibers. MTT and AO/PI assay was performed on both melanoma and non-melanoma type cancer cells to evaluate the anticancer activity of the nanoplates and nanofibers. The results revealed that the molybdenum trioxide nanoplates and the nanofibers containing the nanoplates possess inherent capacity in selective killing of cancer cells by inducing apoptosis. In addition, JC1 dye staining employed to investigate the mitochondrial membrane integrity unravelled the possible involvement of mitochondria dependant apoptosis in cancer cells. Therefore, the prepared nanofibrous scaffold can be used to target a wide range of skin cancer types. Further investigations on the mechanisms of molybdenum oxide mediated apoptosis might open up new targets in skin cancer therapeutics.
- Poster Presentations